Analysis

This rubai by Hafez is a mystical poem that invites contemplation on divine grace, spiritual knowledge, and the nature of true generosity.

Historical References:

Khaybar: A Jewish fortress conquered by Muhammad during the early years of Islam. The one who broke the gate is likely a reference to Ali ibn Abi Talib, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, known for his bravery and strength.
Qambar: A servant of Ali ibn Abi Talib, often seen as a symbol of humility and service.
Kawthar: A river in paradise, mentioned in the Quran, from which the believers will drink. The "cupbearer of the Kawthar" is a reference to God or a divine being.

Thematic Exploration:

Seeking Knowledge: The poem suggests that one should seek knowledge from those who have experienced divine grace firsthand.
Generosity and Kindness: The reference to Qambar, known for his humility and service, highlights the importance of generosity and kindness in spiritual practice.
Divine Grace: The ultimate source of spiritual grace and knowledge is seen as the divine, represented by the "cupbearer of the Kawthar."

Interpretation

A Sufi Perspective: This rubai aligns with Sufi teachings, which emphasize the importance of seeking divine knowledge from a spiritual guide or master.
The Path to Enlightenment: The poem suggests that the path to spiritual enlightenment involves seeking knowledge from those who have walked it before.
The Nature of Divine Grace: The "cupbearer of the Kawthar" symbolizes the divine source of all blessings and knowledge. By seeking this source, one can attain true spiritual fulfillment.

In conclusion, this rubai is a profound exploration of spiritual seeking and the nature of divine grace. Hafez invites the reader to look beyond the material world and seek knowledge from those who have experienced the divine.