On Jan. 26, 2024, 12:16 p.m. hamed:
The Persian garden is a type of landscape garden that originated in ancient Iran and reflects the ideals of art, philosophy, religion, and culture of the Persian civilization. The Persian garden is based on the concept of the Chahar Bagh, or the four-fold garden, which symbolizes the four Zoroastrian elements of sky, earth, water, and plants. The Persian garden is also designed to create a paradise on earth, with water playing a vital role for both irrigation and ornamentation. The Persian garden has influenced the art of garden design in many other cultures, such as India, Spain, and Morocco.
The layout of the garden is divided into four sectors by two perpendicular axes, which may be aligned with the cardinal directions or the sun’s movement. The intersection of the axes is often marked by a central pool or fountain, which represents the source of life.
The water supply, management, and circulation systems are based on the use of qanats, underground channels that bring water from distant sources, such as mountains or rivers. The water is then distributed through a network of aqueducts, canals, pools, fountains, and cascades, creating a variety of visual and auditory effects.
The arrangement of trees and plants within the garden is carefully planned to create a harmonious and diverse environment, with different colors, shapes, textures, and fragrances. The plants are also selected according to their climatic and seasonal suitability, as well as their symbolic and medicinal values.
The architectural components, such as buildings, pavilions, walls, and gates, are integrated with the natural elements of the garden, creating a seamless and balanced composition. The buildings are often placed at the edges or corners of the garden, leaving the central area open and green. The buildings are also decorated with elements such as tiles, mosaics, paintings, and calligraphy, reflecting the artistic and cultural expressions of the Persian garden.
The Persian garden is a unique and enduring achievement of the Iranian people, who have created and preserved this tradition for over two millennia. The Persian garden is not only a beautiful and functional space, but also a manifestation of the Iranian identity, values, and worldview.