Hekayat 20 from Chapter 5 of Gplenstan of Saadi Shirazi

Posted on October 08, 2024 by hamed

It is told of the judge of Hamadan that he was infatuated with the son of a blacksmith, and his heart was in the flames of this love. For a long time, he longed for him, searching restlessly and reciting poetry inspired by his situation:

"That tall cypress appeared before my eyes,
Stealing my heart and throwing it at his feet."

"This mischievous gaze captivates my heart with its lasso,
If you wish to keep your heart safe, close your eyes."

It is said that one day, while passing by, the boy encountered the judge, who had heard rumors of their relationship and was deeply offended. The boy openly cursed the judge, insulted him, and threw stones at him, leaving no bounds of respect unbroken. The judge turned to one of the respected scholars who was with him and said:

"Look at that beautiful face, despite the anger,
And that sweet frown on his furrowed brow."

"In the lands of Arabia, they say, ‘The blows from a beloved are like raisins.’"

"To be struck by his fist on my mouth,
Is better than eating bread with my own hand."

He continued, "From his rudeness, I can still sense a fragrance of tolerance."

"Fresh grapes are sour at first taste,
But wait a few days, and they will turn sweet."

Having said this, the judge returned to his seat of judgment. Several of the prominent elders, who were his advisors, kissed the ground before him and said, "If you would permit, we would like to say something, though it may seem impolite, as it is said:"

"Not every speech should be debated,
Criticizing the great is itself a mistake."

"But, based on the past kindness you have shown us, it would be a form of betrayal if we did not advise you on what we believe to be right. It would be wise not to pursue this infatuation with the boy, as the office of a judge is a lofty position that should not be tarnished by such a scandal. You have seen his conduct and heard the rumors."

"One who has ruined their own reputation,
Cares little about the reputation of others."

"The good name earned over fifty years,
Can be destroyed by a single act of disgrace."

The judge found the counsel of his companions to be wise and praised their good judgment. He said, "Your opinion about what is best for me is absolutely correct, and the question requires no further debate. However,"

"Reproach me as much as you like,
For you cannot wash the blackness from a crow."

"I cannot forget about you, no matter what,
Like a snake whose head has been struck, I cannot help but writhe."

Having said this, he ordered his men to inquire about the boy and showered him with countless gifts. As they say, "Whoever has gold in his scale, has strength in his arm," and one who lacks money finds no friends in the world.

"Whoever sees gold bows their head,
Even if they carry the scales of iron on their shoulder."

In short, one night, an opportunity for privacy arose, but that same night, word reached the authorities. The judge spent the night intoxicated with wine, with his beloved in his embrace, indulging in pleasures and reciting:

"Perhaps the rooster will not crow tonight,
For lovers have not yet had their fill of kisses and embraces."

"Beware when the beloved is finally asleep,
For time passes quickly, and life slips away in vain."

"Do not listen to the mosque’s morning call,
Or the sound of drums from the palace."

"To stop kissing my beloved’s lips when the rooster crows,
Would be as foolish as listening to the rooster’s meaningless call."

While the judge was still indulging in this state, one of his attendants rushed in and said, "Why are you sitting here? Get up and flee while you still can, for your enemies have seized this opportunity to accuse you. Let us find a way to extinguish this small flame before it becomes a fire that consumes everything."

The judge smiled and replied:

"Once a lion has its prey in its claws,
What difference does it make if the dogs bark?"

"Turn your face towards your beloved,
Let the enemies gnash their teeth in frustration."

That same night, the king was informed that such a disgraceful event had occurred in his realm. The king said, "I consider him one of the scholars of this age and a unique figure. Perhaps his enemies have falsely accused him. I will not believe these claims unless I see it for myself, for the wise have said:"

"It is foolish to quickly draw the sword,
Only to regret biting your hand in anger later."

It is said that the king, accompanied by several close advisors, arrived at the judge's house at dawn. They saw the candles still burning, the beloved sitting nearby, wine spilled on the floor, and broken cups everywhere, while the judge lay drunk and oblivious to the world.

The king gently woke the judge and said, "Rise, the sun has come up." Realizing the situation, the judge replied, "From which direction has the sun risen?" The king said, "From the east." The judge sighed in relief and said, "Praise be to God, for the door of repentance is still open, as the Prophet said: ‘Repentance is accepted until the sun rises from the west.’ Oh Lord, I seek Your forgiveness and turn to You in repentance."

"Two things led me to sin,
Unlucky fate and imperfect wisdom."

"If you punish me, I deserve it,
But if you forgive me, mercy is better than revenge."

The king said, "Repentance at this stage, after your sin has been exposed, will do you no good. As the Qur’an says: ‘But their faith was of no use to them when they saw Our punishment.’"

"What good is repentance after the theft,
When you can no longer cast the rope to catch the thief?"

"Lower your hand when it comes to picking fruit,
For the short-handed cannot reach the branch."

The king continued, "There is no way for you to escape punishment after such an obvious transgression." Having said this, the king ordered his guards to seize the judge. The judge pleaded, "Before you punish me, let me say one last thing to you, O King."

The king asked, "What is it?" The judge said:

"From the dust of frustration you cast upon me,
Do not expect me to let go of your hem in despair."

"If I cannot escape this sin,
Then I still have hope in your kindness."

The king, impressed by the judge’s eloquence, said, "You have spoken well and cleverly, but it is unreasonable and against justice to let you escape punishment simply because of your wit. I see no other course but to throw you from the fortress, so that others may learn a lesson from your fate." The judge responded, "O King, I am raised in the grace of this dynasty. I am not the only one guilty of this sin. Punish someone else first, and let me take the lesson."

The king laughed and, pardoning his crime, dismissed the people who had advised his execution. He said to them:

"You who criticize others,
Should first look at your own faults."


قاضی همدان را حکایت کنند که با نعلبند پسری سر خوش بود و نعل دلش در آتش. روزگاری در طلبش متلهف بود و پویان و مترصد و جویان و برحسب واقعه گویان:

در چشم من آمد آن سهی سرو بلند

بربود دلم ز دست و در پای فکند

این دیده شوخ می کشد دل به کمند

خواهی که به کس دل ندهی دیده ببند

شنیدم که در گذری پیش قاضی آمد، برخی از این معامله به سمعش رسیده و زایدالوصف رنجیده. دشنام بی تحاشی داد و سقط گفت و سنگ برداشت و هیچ از بی حرمتی نگذاشت. قاضی یکی را گفت از علمای معتبر که هم عنان او بود:

آن شاهدی و خشم گرفتن بینش

و آن عقده بر ابروی ترش شیرینش

در بلاد عرب گویند ضَربُ الحَبیبِ زَبیبُ.

از دست تو مشت بر دهان خوردن

خوشتر که به دست خویش نان خوردن

همانا کز وقاحت او بوی سماحت همی آید.

انگور نوآورده ترش طعم بود

روزی دو سه صبر کن که شیرین گردد

این بگفت و به مسند قضا باز آمد. تنی چند از بزرگان عدول در مجلس حکم او بودندی. زمین خدمت ببوسیدند که به اجازت سخنی بگوییم اگر چه ترک ادب است و بزرگان گفته‌اند:

نه در هر سخن بحث کردن رواست

خطا بر بزرگان گرفتن خطاست

الا به حکم آن که سوابق انعام خداوندی ملازم روزگار بندگان است مصلحتی که بینند و اعلام نکنند، نوعی از خیانت باشد. طریق صواب آن است که با این پسر گرد طمع نگردی و فرش ولع درنوردی که منصب قضا پایگاهی منیع است تا به گناهی شنیع ملوث نگردانی و حریف این است که دیدی و حدیث این که شنیدی.

یکی کرده بی آبرویی بسی

چه غم دارد از آبروی کسی

بسا نام نیکوی پنجاه سال

که یک نام زشتش کند پایمال

قاضی را نصیحت یاران یکدل پسند آمد و بر حسن رای قوم آفرین خواند و گفت: نظر عزیزان در مصلحت حال من عین صواب است و مسئله بی جواب ولیکن،

ملامت کن مرا چندان که خواهی

که نتوان شستن از زنگی سیاهی

از یاد تو غافل نتوان کرد به هیچم

سر کوفته مارم نتوانم که نپیچم

این بگفت و کسان را به تفحص حال وی برانگیخت و نعمت بیکران بریخت و گفته‌اند هر که را زر در ترازوست، زور در بازوست و آن که بر دینار دسترس ندارد در همه دنیا کس ندارد.

هر که زر دید سر فرو آورد

ور ترازوی آهنین دوش است

فی الجمله شبی خلوتی میسر شد و هم در آن شب شحنه را خبر شد. قاضی همه شب شراب در سر و شباب در بر. از تنعم نخفتی و به ترنم گفتی:

امشب مگر به وقت نمی خواند این خروس

عشاق بس نکرده هنوز از کنار و بوس

یک دم که دوست فتنه خفته است زینهار

بیدار باش تا نرود عمر بر فسوس

تا نشنوی ز مسجد آدینه بانگ صبح

یا از در سرای اتابک غریو کوس

لب بر لبی چو چشم خروس ابلهی بود

برداشتن به گفتن بیهوده خروس

قاضی در این حالت که یکی از متعلقان در آمد و گفت: چه نشستی خیز و تا پای داری گریز که حسودان بر تو دقّی گرفته‌اند بلکه حقی گفته تا مگر آتش فتنه که هنوز اندک است به آب تدبیری فرو نشانیم مبادا که فردا چو بالا گیرد عالمی فرا گیرد. قاضی متبسم در او نظر کرد و گفت:

پنجه در صید برده ضیغم را

چه تفاوت کند که سگ لاید

روی در روی دوست کن بگذار

تا عدو پشت دست می خاید

ملک را هم در آن شب آگهی دادند که در ملک تو چنین منکری حادث شده است چه فرمایی؟ ملک گفتا: من او را از فضلای عصر می‌دانم و یگانه روزگار، باشد که معاندان در حق وی خوضی کرده‌اند. این سخن در سمع قبول من نیاید، مگر آنگه که معاینه گردد که حکما گفته‌اند:

به تندی سبک دست بردن به تیغ

به دندان برد پشت دست دریغ

شنیدم که سحرگاهی با تنی چند خاصان به بالین قاضی فراز آمد. شمع را دید ایستاده و شاهد نشسته و می ریخته و قدح شکسته و قاضی در خواب مستی بی خبر از ملک هستی.

به لطف اندک اندک بیدار کردش که خیز، آفتاب برآمد. قاضی دریافت که حال چیست. گفتا: از کدام جانب برآمد، گفت: از قبل مشرق. گفت: الحمد لله که در توبه همچنان باز است به حکم حدیث که: لایُغلَقُ علی العبادِ حتی تَطلَعَ الشمسُ مِن مَغربِها، استَغْفِرُکَ اللّهُمَّ و اَتوبُ الیکَ.

این دو چیزم بر گناه انگیختند

بخت نافرجام و عقل ناتمام

گر گرفتارم کنی مستوجبم

ور ببخشی عفو بهتر کانتقام

ملک گفتا: توبه در این حالت که بر هلاک اطلاع یافتی سودی نکند. فَلَم یَکُ یَنفَعُهُم ایمانُهُم لَمّا رَأَوا بَأسَنا.

چه سود از دزدی آنگه توبه کردن

که نتوانی کمند انداخت بر کاخ

بلند از میوه گو کوتاه کن دست

که کوته خود ندارد دست بر شاخ

تو را با وجود چنین منکَری که ظاهر شد، سبیل خلاص صورت نبندد. این بگفت و موکلان در وی آویختند. گفتا که مرا در خدمت سلطان یکی سخن باقیست. ملک بشنید و گفت: این چیست؟ گفت:

به آستین ملالی که بر من افشانی

طمع مدار که از دامنت بدارم دست

اگر خلاص محال است از این گنه که مراست

بدان کرم که تو داری امیدواری هست

ملک گفت: این لطیفه بدیع آوردی و این نکته غریب گفتی، ولیکن محال عقل است و خلاف شرع که تو را فضل و بلاغت امروز از چنگ عقوبت من رهایی دهد. مصلحت آن بینم که تو را از قلعه به زیر اندازم تا دیگران نصیحت پذیرند و عبرت گیرند. گفت: ای خداوند جهان، پرورده نعمت این خاندانم و این گناه نه تنها من کرده‌ام، دیگری را بینداز تا من عبرت گیرم. ملک را خنده گرفت و به عفو از خطای او در گذشت و متعندان را که اشارت به کشتن او همی کردند گفت:

هر که حمال عیب خویشتنید

طعنه بر عیب دیگران مزنید

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About Hekayat
Hekayat is a form of prose in Persian literature.