Awhad ad-Din 'Ali ibn Mohammad Khavarani (اوحدالدین علی ابن محمد انوری)
By @admin on December 27, 2024 | 34 0
Alias: Anvari, Name Persian: اوحدالدین علی ابن محمد انوری
Works:
Divan of Anvari
Anvari Abivardi (c. 1126 – c. 1189 CE), born as Awhad al-Din Ali ibn Mohammad, was one of the most distinguished Persian poets of the medieval period, renowned for his brilliant panegyrics and philosophical depth. He was born in Abivard, Khorasan (in modern-day Turkmenistan or Iran), during the Seljuk …
Masud Sa'd Salman (مسعود سعد سلمان)
By @admin on December 27, 2024 | 29 0
Alias: The Prisoner Poet, Name Persian: مسعود سعد سلمان
Works:
He is known as a great Persian poet and is particularly notable for his use of conventional language and personal tone.
Most of his works are written in the qasideh form, in which he followed Unsuri. He has some poems in other styles such as quatrain and qet'eh.
During one of his …
Masud Sa'd Salman (1046–1121 CE) was a renowned Persian poet of the Ghaznavid era, celebrated for his poignant poetry written during his years of imprisonment. He is particularly known for his mastery of the qasida (ode) and rubaiyat (quatrains), as well as for introducing the theme of personal suffering and …
Afzal al-Din Badil ibn Ali bin Othman Khaqani (افضل‌الدّین بدیل بن علی بن عثمان)
By @admin on December 27, 2024 | 31 0
Alias: Khaqani, Name Persian: افضل‌الدّین بدیل بن علی بن عثمان
Works:
Diwan: Khaqani’s collected poems include qasidas, ghazals, and rubaiyat, showcasing his mastery of diverse poetic forms and themes.
Tuhfat al-Iraqain: This masterpiece is a reflective account of his pilgrimage to Mecca, blending travel writing with philosophical and spiritual musings.
Christian Imagery: Due to his mother's Christian background and his exposure to diverse …
Khaqani Shirvani (1121 CE – 1190 CE) was one of the most celebrated Persian poets of the medieval period, renowned for his mastery of the qasida (ode) form and his rich, intricate language. Born as Afzal al-Din Badil ibn Ali Khaqani in Shirvan, in the Caucasus region (modern-day Azerbaijan), he …
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn Julugh Farrukhi Sistani (ابوالحسن علی بن جولوغ فرخی سیستانی)
By @admin on December 27, 2024 | 24 0
Alias: Farrukhi Sistani, Name Persian: ابوالحسن علی بن جولوغ فرخی سیستانی
Works:
Farrukhi's surviving works consist mainly of his divan (collection of poems), which number about 9,000 couplets. A document in the Bankipore Library refers to Farrukhi as the author of an epic poem, the Shahriyarnameh: this is yet to be confirmed.
Farrukhi Sistani (c. 980 – c. 1037 CE) was a distinguished Persian poet of the Ghaznavid era, celebrated for his eloquent qasidas (odes) and mastery of courtly praise poetry. Born in Sistan (present-day southeastern Iran), he became one of the most prominent literary figures of his time, serving as a …
Abu Najm Aḥmad ibn Qauṣ ibn Aḥmad Manūčihrī (ابونجم احمد ابن قوص ابن احمد منوچهری دامغانی)
By @admin on December 27, 2024 | 20 0
Alias: Manuchehi Damghani, Name Persian: ابونجم احمد ابن قوص ابن احمد منوچهری دامغانی
Works:
Manuchehri’s Diwan
Manuchehri Damghani (died c. 1040 CE) was a celebrated Persian poet of the Ghaznavid period, known for his masterful use of nature imagery and his innovative contributions to Persian lyric poetry. Born in Damghan, a city in present-day Iran, Manuchehri rose to prominence as a court poet under the patronage …
Nasir Khusraw (ناصرخسرو)
By @admin on December 25, 2024 | 20 0
Alias: Poet, Name Persian: ناصرخسرو
Works:
Zaad-al-Musafirin (or Travelling Provisions of Pilgrims)
Wajh-i Din (or The Face of Religion)
Book on Mathematics
Jamiʿ al hikmatayn
Nasir Khosro (Abu Mo'in Hamid al-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw Qubadiyani) (1004 CE – c. 1077 CE) was a renowned Persian poet, philosopher, scholar, and Ismaili missionary. Born in Qubadiyan, a village near Balkh (present-day Tajikistan), Nasir Khosro remains one of the most significant figures in Persian literature and Islamic thought. …
Abu Abdollah Jafar ibn Mohammad Rudaki (ابوعبدالله جعفر بن محمد بن حکیم بن عبدالرحمن بن آدم الرودکی)
By @admin on December 25, 2024 | 25 0
Alias: Rudaki, Name Persian: ابوعبدالله جعفر بن محمد بن حکیم بن عبدالرحمن بن آدم الرودکی
Works:
According to Asadi Tusi, the divan (collection of short poems) of Rudaki consisted of more than 180,000 verses, but most of it has been lost.
A few complete poems have also survived, most notably a qasida (eulogy or ode) consisting of almost 100 verses quoted in the anonymous Tarikh-i Sistan.
Rudaki's best …
Persian Poetry," was a pioneering Persian poet born in the village of Rudak, near Samarqand (in modern-day Tajikistan). He is considered one of the earliest and most influential figures in Persian literature, credited with playing a vital role in shaping the tradition of Persian poetry during the early Islamic period. …
Kamal al-Din (or Shams al-Din) Mohammad (وحشی بافقی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 26 0
Alias: Vahshi Bafqi, Name Persian: وحشی بافقی
Works:
Shirin and Farhad
Kamal al-Din (or Shams al-Din) Mohammad, known by his pen name Vahshi Bafqi, was a prominent Persian poet of the Safavid era, born in 1532 in Bafq, a town southeast of Yazd, Iran. He received his early education in Bafq, studying poetry under his elder brother, Moradi, and the local …
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi (حکیم ابوالمجد مجدود بن آدم سنایی غزنوی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 31 0
Alias: Sanai, Name Persian: حکیم ابوالمجد مجدود بن آدم سنایی غزنوی
Works:
The Walled Garden of Truth or The Hadiqat al Haqiqa (حدیقه الحقیقه و شریعه الطریقه)
Hakim Abul-Majd Majdūd ibn Ādam Sanā'ī Ghaznavi, commonly known as Sanā'ī, was a pioneering Persian poet and Sufi mystic born in the city of Ghazni, located in present-day Afghanistan. He is celebrated for his profound influence on Persian literature, particularly through his introduction of mystical and ethical themes into Persian …
Faridoldin Abu Hamed Mohammad Attar Neyshaburi (فرید الدین ابوحامد محمد عطار نیشابوری)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 27 0
Alias: Attar, Name Persian: فرید الدین ابوحامد محمد عطار نیشابوری
Works:
In introductions of Mukhtār-Nāma (مختارنامه) and Khusraw-Nāma (خسرونامه), Attar lists the titles of further products of his pen:
Dīwān (دیوان)
Asrār-Nāma (اسرارنامه)
Manṭiq-uṭ-Ṭayr (منطق‌الطیر), also known as Maqāmāt-uṭ-Ṭuyūr (مقامات‌الطیور)
Muṣībat-Nāma (مصیبت‌نامه)
Ilāhī-Nāma (الهی‌نامه)
Jawāhir-Nāma (جواهرنامه)
Šarḥ al-Qalb[18] (شرح‌القلب)
He also states, in the Mukhtār-Nāma, that he destroyed the Jawāhir-Nāma' …
Farid al-Din Abu Hamid Mohammad Attar, commonly known as Attar of Nishapur, was a prominent Persian poet, Sufi mystic, and hagiographer born around 1145-46 in Nishapur, located in present-day Iran. The pen name "Attar" translates to "apothecary," reflecting his early profession as a pharmacist or herbalist.
Attar's literary contributions have …
Rakhshandeh E'tesami (پروین اعتصامی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 28 0
Alias: Parvin E'tesami, Name Persian: پروین اعتصامی
Works:
Divan of Parvin
Parvin E'tesami, born Rakhshandeh E'tesami on March 16, 1907, in Tabriz, Iran, was a distinguished Persian poet renowned for her profound and socially conscious poetry. She was the daughter of Mirza Yusef E'tesami (E'tesamolmolk), a respected journalist and man of letters, who played a pivotal role in her education, providing …
Saadi Moshrefoldin Mosleh ebn Abdollah (سعدی شیرازی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 63 0
Alias: Saadi, Name Persian: سعدی شیرازی
Works:
Bustan
Golestan
Divan of Saadi
Saadi Shirazi, born as Abu-Muhammad Muslih al-Din bin Abdullah Shirazi around 1210 in Shiraz, Iran, was a prominent Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. He is widely recognized as one of the greatest masters of classical Persian literature.
Saadi lost his father during early childhood and was …
Nizami Ganjavi (نظامی گنجوی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 23 0
Alias: Nezami, Name Persian: نظامی گنجوی
Works:
The Khamsa or Panj Ganj
Makhzan-ol-Asrâr (مخزن‌الاسرار, 'The Treasury or Storehouse of Mysteries'[5]), 1163 (some date it 1176)
Khosrow o Shirin (خسرو و شیرین, 'Khosrow and Shirin'), 1177–1180
Leyli o Majnun (لیلی و مجنون, 'Layla and Majnun'), 1192
Eskandar-Nâmeh (اسکندرنامه, 'The Book of Alexan
Makhzan-ol-Asrâr
Khosrow o Shirin
Leyli o Majnun
Eskandar-Nâmeh
Haft …
Nezami Ganjavi, born in 1141 in Ganja (present-day Azerbaijan), was a distinguished Persian poet renowned for his romantic epic poetry. His full name was Jamal al-Din Abu Muhammad Ilyas ibn-Yusuf ibn-Zakki Mu'ayyad Nezami Ganjavi.
Nezami's most celebrated work is the "Khamsa" or "Quintet," a collection of five long narrative poems …
Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī (جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 29 0
Alias: Molavi, Rumi, Name Persian: جلال‌الدین محمّد رومی
Works:
Maṭnawīye Ma'nawī (Spiritual Couplets; مثنوی معنوی)
Dīwān-e Kabīr (Great Work) or Dīwān-e Shams-e Tabrīzī (The Works of Shams of Tabriz; دیوان شمس تبریزی)
Fihi Ma Fihi (In It What's in It, Persian: فیه ما فیه)
Majāles-e Sab'a (Seven Sessions, Persian: مجالس سبعه)
Makatib (The Letters, Persian: مکاتیب) or Maktubat (مکتوبات)
Jalāl al-Dīn Muḥammad Rūmī, commonly known as Rumi, was a 13th-century Persian poet, Islamic scholar, and Sufi mystic whose profound works have transcended time and cultural boundaries. Born on September 30, 1207, in Balkh (present-day Afghanistan) or Wakhsh (present-day Tajikistan), Rumi's early life was marked by significant upheaval. His family …
Abu'l-Qâsem Ferdowsi Tusi (ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 35 0
Alias: Ferdowsi, Name Persian: ابوالقاسم فردوسی توسی
Works:
Shahnameh
Ferdowsi, born Abū al-Qāsim Manṣūr in 940 CE in the village of Paj near Tus, in the Khorasan region of Persia (modern-day Iran), was a distinguished Persian poet best known for authoring the "Shahnameh" ("The Book of Kings"), the national epic of Iran.
Originating from a family of dehqans—landowning aristocrats …
Ghiyasoldin Abolfath Omar ebn Ebrahim Khayyam Neyshaburi (عمر خیّام)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 27 0
Alias: Khayyam, Name Persian: عمر خیّام
Works:
Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam
Omar Khayyam, born on May 18, 1048, in Nishapur, Persia (present-day Iran), was a distinguished Persian polymath renowned for his contributions to mathematics, astronomy, philosophy, and poetry. His full name, Ghiyāth al-Dīn Abū al-Fatḥ ʿUmar ibn Ibrāhīm al-Nīsābūrī al-Khayyāmī, reflects his Persian heritage, with "Khayyam" meaning "tent-maker," possibly indicating his …
Khājeh Shams-od-Dīn Moḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī (خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمد حافظ شیرازی)
By @admin on December 24, 2024 | 29 0
Alias: Hafez, Name Persian: خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمد حافظ شیرازی
Works:
Divan of Hafez
Hafez, born Khwāja Shams-ud-Dīn Muhammad Hāfez-e Shīrāzī between 1315 and 1325 in Shiraz, Persia (now Iran), is celebrated as one of the most influential Persian lyric poets. His pen name, "Hafez," signifies someone who has memorized the Quran, a feat he accomplished at an early age.
Throughout his life, Hafez …
Ayyughi (نام به فارسی)
By @hamed on November 08, 2024 | 57 0
Alias: Ayyūqī, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
The story of Varqa o Golšāh follows the ill-fated love of Varqa and Golšāh, two young Arabs who face separation, conflict, and ultimately death due to circumstances beyond their control. The text suggests that ʿAyyūqī adapted this tale from earlier Arabic sources, rooted in the legend of ʿOrwa and ʿAfrā, …
About ʿAyyūqī:
ʿAyyūqī, an 11th-century Persian poet, is best known for his romantic poem Varqa o Golšāh, a love story steeped in the medieval Persian literary tradition. His work, believed to have been influenced by Ferdowsī’s Shāhnāma, combines Persian philology and narrative innovations, such as the interspersion of …
Abul Qasim Hasan (نام به فارسی)
By @hamed on November 07, 2024 | 73 0
Alias: Onsori Balkhi, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
One of Onsori’s famous works is a lengthy qasida celebrating Sultan Mahmud’s military campaigns in India, in which he praises the ruler’s bravery and leadership. This work, along with others, reflects the courtly culture of the time and gives insight into the political and social dynamics of the Ghaznavid era. …
Onsori Balkhi, also known as Abul Qasim Hasan Unsuri Balkhi, was a celebrated Persian poet of the 10th and early 11th centuries. Born in Balkh (in present-day Afghanistan), he lived during the golden age of Persian poetry under the Ghaznavid dynasty and served as the chief court poet for the …
Abu Mansur Daghighi Toosi (نام به فارسی)
By @hamed on November 07, 2024 | 62 0
Alias: Daghighi, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
Daghighi's most important work is his unfinished epic about the history and mythology of pre-Islamic Persia, particularly the reign of Gushtasp, a legendary king associated with the early days of Zoroastrianism. His poetry explores Persian values of heroism, justice, and honor, themes that later flourished in the Shahnameh. Daghighi’s unique …
Abu Mansur Daghighi Toosi, commonly known as Daghighi, was a Persian poet of the 10th century, born in Tus (in modern-day Iran). He is best known as an early Persian epic poet and as a forerunner to the legendary Ferdowsi, whose Shahnameh (Book of Kings) became the definitive epic of …
Abu Sa’id ibn Abi al-Khayr (نام به فارسی)
By @hamed on November 07, 2024 | 61 0
Alias: Abu Saeed, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
Though Abu Saeed wrote relatively little, his sayings and poems were collected posthumously by his followers. His teachings inspired not only his contemporaries but also future generations of Persian mystics and poets, leaving a legacy that deeply shaped Persian Sufi literature.
Abu Saeed Abulkheir (Abu Sa’id ibn Abi al-Khayr), born in 967 in Mayhana, Khorasan (in modern-day Turkmenistan), was a highly influential Persian Sufi mystic and poet. Known for his deep spiritual insight, wit, and simple but profound verse, Abu Saeed's legacy laid an essential foundation for later Sufi poets, including …
Jamal ad-Din Abu Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki (نام به فارسی)
By @hamed on November 07, 2024 | 48 0
Alias: Nezami, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
The Khamsa, or "Five Treasures," is his crowning literary achievement, composed of five poetic masterpieces: Makhzan al-Asrar (Treasury of Mysteries), Khosrow and Shirin, Layla and Majnun, Haft Peykar (The Seven Beauties), and Eskandar-nama (The Book of Alexander).
Nezami Ganjavi, one of the greatest Persian poets and a luminary in Persian literature, was born in Ganja (in present-day Azerbaijan) around 1141 and lived until 1209. His full name was Jamal ad-Din Abu Muhammad Ilyas ibn Yusuf ibn Zaki, but he is most commonly known simply as Nezami. Renowned …
Jafar ibn Muhammad (نام به فارسی)
By @hamed on September 07, 2024 | 28 0
Alias: Rudaki, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
Jafar ibn MuhammadMany works of Rudaki have survived, showcasing his mastery of the Persian language and his poetic skill. His poems are often romantic, laudatory, and lyrical, while also containing deep philosophical and social insights.
Rudaki: The Father of Persian Poetry
Abu Abdullah Ja'far ibn Muhammad ibn Hakim ibn Abdul Rahman ibn Adam Roudaki Samarkandi, a renowned Persian poet of the Samanid era, lived in the 4th century AH (10th century CE). He is considered the master of poets of the early 4th century …
Abul-Qasem Ferdowsi (نام به فارسی)
By @admin on August 14, 2024 | 26 0
Alias: Ferdowsi, Name Persian: نام به فارسی
Works:
Ferdowsi's literary output is primarily defined by his magnum opus, the Shahnameh. This epic poem, composed over three decades, is a monumental work of Persian literature, chronicling the history of Persia from mythical origins to the Islamic conquest. While other works have been attributed to him, including the narrative poem …
Ferdowsi: The Bard of Persia
Abul-Qasem Ferdowsi (c. 940-c. 1020) stands as one of the greatest literary figures in Persian history. Hailing from the village of Pazh, near the city of Tus in Khorasan, Iran, he was born into a family of Iranian landowners. Though details of his early life …