Key Persian and Arabic terms and nuances:

Mabsama: smiling one, referring to the beloved
Helali: crescent-shaped, referring to the eyebrows or a smile
Asif: a wise and loyal advisor in ancient Persian mythology
Bo'al-Ma'ali: a title indicating a high-ranking noble
Qlash: a rogue, a carefree person

Some of the challenges in translating Hafez:

Multiple meanings: Many words in Persian, especially in poetry, have multiple layers of meaning and can be interpreted in different ways.
Cultural references: The poem may contain references to Persian history, mythology, or Islamic beliefs, which can be difficult to convey directly in English.
Poetic devices: Hafez uses a variety of poetic devices, such as metaphors, similes, and allusions, which can be challenging to translate without losing their impact.
Arabic phrases: The inclusion of Arabic phrases adds another layer of complexity, as the exact meaning and nuances of these phrases can vary depending on the context.